How Do We Handle Difficult Conversations in the Classroom?

This past week, our country witnessed an attack on democracy in the Capitol. Over the past year, we have seen the racial injustice, political strife, and an election that divided our nation. A global pandemic has consumed our lives, led to national shutdowns and economic crises. While there has been great despair and challenging times, we have also witnessed the creation of vaccines in record time, leadership from healthcare professionals, and so many essential workers' sacrifices. To be a child attempting to grapple with these issues and understand the world must be incredibly challenging and confusing. As educators, it is our responsibility to provide a sense of safety, support, and normalcy in times that are anything but ordinary. 

The layers of these issues and the nuances of handling politics in a K-12 classroom fall into grey areas that I have struggled to understand this past week. I have a duty to my students, who are all seniors in high school, to make them feel safe, validate their feelings of anxiety/fear/confusion, and to help them to find credible sources on which to draw a deeper understanding of the world around them. As a speech teacher, I cannot allow voices to be silent. Still, as a teacher in a predominantly conservative community teaching on Zoom, I must remain unbiased in my approach. There is no answer or guidebook on handling tough conversations when event after event of 2020 seems to have led to chaos and unrest. Still, through my reflections and the experiences of conversations with my classes this week, I have come to a few conclusions. 

The week before the initial COVID shut down, I started each class period sitting on my desk in the front of the room, asking students to share what they had learned about the situation, express how they were feeling, and ask any questions they may have had. It was easy to read the physical room and see their nonverbals. Allowing time and space to react collectively was more straightforward in person. On Zoom in the first week of a semester with all new students, I was unsure of how to safely and appropriately approach this conversation. Using Google Forms, Pear Deck (Which also came in handy during the week of the election), Flipgrid, and the Zoom chat, I could at least open the door to supporting my students through this unprecedented week. 

Effective communicators are good listeners. We need our students to know that we are here to listen. 

When discussing literacy in the classroom, conversations often revolve around reading and writing. Since we speak every day, we all must be well versed in oral communication, right? That assumption couldn’t be further from the truth. And while countless teachers often include speaking activities and presentations into their curriculum, we often overlook or forget to teach students how to be better listeners explicitly. This undervalued skill needs first to be modeled. I started class on Friday, stating that I was there to listen. Waiting in a few moments of awkward silence, I noticed that students sat taller in those moments. They scanned the screens. They were waiting to listen, too. While I have always struggled with wait time, I have learned that given students a few moments of silence to reflect, react, and process can lead to richer conversations and make students feel heard even if they do not unmute. 

Validating their fears and uncertainties is important. When people are scared, confused, and upset - they need to be told that their less than normal feelings in a less than normal time are valid. 

At one point this summer, a person used the words "We must have faith over fear" that we will be safe in schools during the pandemic. As a person of faith myself, I could not be more frustrated that a person would choose to 1. Use my faith against me, and 2. Disregard my very rational fears about the unknowns of the pandemic (Especially having a child with a chronic lung disease). My feelings then and now are real, rooted in science, and completely normal in unprecedented times. Likewise, my students' feelings and reactions to the Capitol, racial injustice, the election, COVID, and many other countless events in 2020 are real. Students have expressed a significant range of emotions and beliefs, and regardless of my own beliefs, it is my job to validate their feelings. There is no guidebook for coping with collective trauma. Healing often starts when a person feels heard. Teachers are not a counselor or social workers, but at the very least, we can make our students feel listened to and help them to take the next steps to seek out further help from trained professionals if needed. 

Teachers need to provide students with opportunities to give voice to their thoughts and ideas. 

Once students feel validated and safe, they are more likely to speak. While students are not required to share their ideas publicly, they can use their voices in various ways. Students can write, reflect, and post using tools like Pear Deck, Google Forms, and Flipgrid in anonymous ways that allow them to express themselves, release tension, and gain the confidence to continue to share their voices in future situations. Our students will be leaders in this country, and if we do not address these issues -- if we do not encourage THEM to address these issues, these issues will never be solved. These activities or opportunities do not have to be all-consuming. Teachers can start small with short and private SEL check-ins, but they need to be present in our classrooms no matter the modality of learning. 

Students need to be told that they can ask questions and need to know how to find credible sources and discern truth from fiction. 

In addition to expressing themselves, students need to know that it is okay to ask questions. No teacher has all the answers to any subject, but we know how to find answers. We know how to research and discern credible sources. We can separate biases and understand the range of biases in media outlets. As teachers, we can empower our students to do the same. Credibility and accuracy matters and can make all the difference in the decisions they make, the beliefs they hold, and the values that our students perpetuate out into the world for years to come. 

Did I do enough this week to support my students through yet another trauma of 2020(now 2021)? I do not know. Did I provide them with the opportunity to speak and to reflect? Yes. Our students need to be empowered to take a stand. Their words are powerful; my greatest hope as their teacher is that they will continue to use them well. 

Every Student Has a Voice (We Just Have to Ask Them To Unmute)

The silence of Zoom or Google Meet is deafening. I miss noisy classrooms and side chatter about the latest high school event. What I once tried to redirect into conversations about course content is the very talk I miss the most. As we oscillate in between remote and hybrid learning and remote again, students feel dejected and disheartened. They need to be empowered and given their voice, and they need to feel in control of something. How do we encourage them to use their voices and feel as though they were heard amidst uncertainty?

Focus on social-emotional learning. 

Let students ask questions even to the questions to which we don't have answers. Validate their feelings by acknowledging uncertainty and how we feel about it, too. Let them know that the line of communication is always open - whether it be through an email, private message on a chat, a Flipgrid response, or a one-on-one conversation. Encourage students to share how they feel with teachers, peers, and families, but then redirect those feelings into a positive outcome. Model reframing emotions and provide ways to cope. 

Pear Deck SEL Slides

Get students into small groups. 

I have recently been exploring different ways to break students into groups or give them opportunities to collaborate. Since the beginning of the semester, I have been using genetic templates and randomizing students into groups using Flippity.net. I am now trying to find more opportunities for small group work through digital station rotation. Creating breakout room templates or work through station activities encourages collaboration and communication. Students are far more likely to unmute when they have a clear task and are in a smaller setting. These stations may be individual work or group work, but the flexibility and the sense of movement encourage students to participate and actively engaged. 

Focus on the positives. 

Let students ask questions even to the questions to which we don't have answers. Validate their feelings by acknowledging uncertainty and how we feel about it, too. Let them know that the line of communication is always open - whether it be through an email, private message on a chat, a Flipgrid response, or a one-on-one conversation. Encourage students to share how they feel with teachers, peers, and families, but then redirect those feelings into a positive outcome. Model reframing emotions and provide ways to cope.

Encourage students to write, speak, and communicate verbally AND nonverbally. 

Students can share their voices in multiple ways. While many struggle to unmute themselves on Zoom, they are often willing to engage in other modalities. While writing or participating on a tool like Pear Deck may feel passive, students are far more likely to open up and engage in self-disclosure when they feel safe. Online students can be anonymous - to share their voices and perspectives in what seems like a low-stakes way. Building a community and environment that feels safe and inviting each day will lead to an increased level of engagement over time. They will start to share more. Using a tool like Pear Deck has allowed me to give every student a voice. I can track who hasn't participated or responded, and I can problem them further. Repeatedly completing a weekly check-in on Flipgrid has become a habit. Students know what they will be asked to do, and they are familiar with the types of questions they will be asked. As a result, they speak longer and in more detail. 

Not only do students communicate with the words they speak or write, but they also communicate nonverbally. Their expressions, gestures, and even the emojis they drop in a chat convey strong feelings and emotions. Encouraging students to use their nonverbals intentionally can teach students that they are constantly communicating and have the power to send strong messages without even realizing that they are sending messages. By observing themselves and others on digital platforms like Zoom and Google Meet, they can even learn how to better control and communicate nonverbally with intentionality. 

Respond and provide feedback. 

Each week, my students complete a social-emotional check-in via Flipgrid. They know that I watch every single video (on x2 speed) and respond to each one. It's time-consuming, but it is a labor of love. They email me with responses to my follow-up videos; they appreciate that I respond. While these videos cannot fully replicate constant banter in the classroom that occurs face-to-face, this feedback creates connection. Students feel heard, and they know that they matter. 

In large group discussions or presentations, students need feedback, too. Noting their nonverbals, encouraging students to drop messages in the chat, and replying specifically to public comments or anonymous comments on tools like Pear Deck validate students' ideas and contributions to the class. Every little piece of feedback matters and is an opportunity to forge a connection. When students feel like they matter, they work harder and are more engaged. 

The red slash through the microphone is like a slash to my heart. My classroom's quietness does sadden me, but I am reminded that even though the fruits of my labor might not always be visible, the seeds are still taking root. A great deal of our communication is nonverbal; a majority of our messages lie in the moments we are not speaking. As teachers during a pandemic, we need to reframe our minds to what learning looks like and also reflect on how we can create more opportunities to amplify student voice. While circling the wagon may not be possible right now, we can still rally our students and empower them to use their words in private and public ways. Our students' ideas matter; we just have to find ways to open the channel of communication so that their messages are heard. 

Empathy, Compassion, and a Little Communication

 In such a tumultuous time, compassion and empathy are critical social and emotional skills that can open doors to better understanding, stronger relationships, and deeper connections to course content. Collectively, we have been caught in a storm that stretches farther than we can see right now. When will we be able to return to a greater sense of normal? Will we ever revert to a pre-COVID existence? And what aspects of this new normal should we embrace for the long haul? When attempting to answer these questions, many feel despair rather than hope. Depression, anxiety, and fear are all too familiar emotions that cast doubt and uncertainty on teachers and students alike. 

I have always used the “walk a mile in someone else’s shoes” as a hook for both my first and second units in my senior speech class. This year, I wanted to emphasize the importance of using communication skills to listen and empathize with the people we encounter each day. To feel heard, I wanted my students to realize that we must first stop and listen to process our grief and understand what others are experiencing. This unique ordeal has provided us with opportunities to be quiet and stand still. This semester the silence often experienced on Zoom has been disheartening, but using webtools like Pear Deck, Flipgrid, and Zoom breakout rooms has helped keep students active and engaged. We are finding new ways to make student learning visible by using shared Google Docs or Padlets. 

Time to reflect has made me realize that we need to be intentional with our communication, and as a result, I have worked to emphasize the importance and power in each word we say and the nonverbal messages we share. Over 70% of our communication is nonverbal. It is conveyed through our tone, our movements, and our posture. Whether we are on Zoom, in-person, or a hybrid of the two, we may use these communication elements to engage our students. On a camera, every subtle movement is exaggerated, and our communicative exchanges are on display for many people to see. As such, we need to be intentional with the messages we send, and we need to teach our students to utilize these new platforms to amplify their voices. 

To achieve these more intentional communication goals with my students, I adapted my first two units to work in this remote setting, and I began to reflect on and shift my learning targets, too. How do we promote authentic communication in the times of Corona? How do we teach students to use our listening skills and empathy to navigate a still uncertain future? 

Challenge students to first engage in self-disclosure.

For a long time, my introduction speech has been called “Walk a Mile in My Shoes.” This speech asks students to use a pair of shoes and their favorite quote to identify where they have been, where they are, and where they hope to go. An introduction speech marked with important events, people, and activities - this speech is used to introduce students to each other but, more importantly, to remind students to stop and see the world from some else’s perspective. Students are encouraged to avoid listing facts and use their time to tell stories that reflect their passions, their character, and their values. This year, students held on to each other's stories, especially as they reflected on what they have missed the most during the past several months of quarantine. What I loved about this experience is that not only did students learn about their classmates, but they also learned more about themselves as they have all faced struggles and obstacles during this quarantine.   

Reflect on the messages we don’t intend to send.

With any communicative exchange lies messages we do not intend to send - the nonverbal gestures, posture, body language, and tone. Being on camera all day, every day has forced us to look at ourselves. We notice how we sit, how we react, and how we sound. Leveraging technology to challenge students to reflect on their nonverbal messages can lead to powerful learning experiences. When we don’t see ourselves, we are completely unaware of the messages we send and how we are perceived. Now with Zoom, I can literally roll back the tape and challenge students to assess what they are saying when they are not talking. To understand the importance of body language, students participated in two online discussions that asked them to reflect on “The Importance of Listening” and the power of body language. To further understand the importance of body language, students participated in two online discussions that asked them to reflect on Amy Cuddy’s TED Talk, “Your Body Language May Shape Who You Are.” Highlighting the importance of listening and nonverbal messages allowed students to reflect on how they use both skills every day, and its impact on the communication exchanges they have daily, both on-screen and off.

Have students reflect on the stories of others. 

To empathize or feel with others, we must first walk in their shoes. Textual analysis, reading literature, and sharing stories are all ways to practice this critical walk into others' perspectives. By reading and analyzing diverse stories, students begin to recognize the struggles and obstacles that people face. From health issues, LGBTQ topics, to race - these are stories that some students have not encountered because they have only lived in one neighborhood or have not experienced as much life as an adult. No matter where students understand voices that are not the same as their own, they can always learn, explore, and experience. During my second unit, I have students select a short story, poem, dramatic monologue, or speech that speaks to them. These scripts are saved and archived with representation from all walks of life. After students select a piece, complete an empathy journal to reflect on how the story's meaning has changed their insights or understanding of the world.

Ask students to amplify powerful stories.

Once students have consumed and analyzed stories, they need to be taught to amplify those voices. Students are assigned oral interp speeches every year in class, but this year, their performances were unparalleled by any previous year. Whether it be because we were on Zoom or because we had spent so much time intentionally thinking empathy, their performances significantly impacted them and me. Without fail, every reflection touched on how they learned more about the world and how to empathize through this exercise than they ever imagined they would. When we truly step inside the experiences of others, we can more fully embrace and support others. 

Ask students to provide feedback. 

Students learn from doing, but they also learn from listening. Students complete a peer review exercise for each speech that they write using Flipgrid. Through these experiences, they learn to critique others while also providing support and finding strengths. Their words are powerful, and the critical thinking process conducted during peer reviews deepens their ability to empathize and view the world from unique lenses.

While Zoom silence can be deafening, we should not underestimate or minimize the potential for listening. As the Greek philosopher, Epictetus, stated in 60 A.D., “We have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen twice as much as we speak.” May we take to heart his words, lead with compassion, and find new ways to empathize with the people and stories we encounter along the way.  

Leaving a Legacy: Speaking on Special Occasion

With only three weeks left in the first semester, I find myself reflecting on what was learned. In disbelief that the calendar has so quickly turned, I want to make the most of the precious few weeks that we have left. Teaching seniors is a very rewarding experience because I have the opportunity to bear witness to the major life changes and choices they make during this season of their lives. With so much excitement and hope for the future, I strive to create memories and moments that will help them find their voices and purpose in life. As they question what is in store for them, I hope to anchor them to the lessons learned in their past, challenge them to define their beliefs, and find the passions that will guide them to their futures.

During the final unit of the semester entitled "Legacy," we explore special occasion speeches. The culmination of the unit involves students choosing an occasion, either present or future for which to give a speech. Often, students elect to deliver tribute speeches to honor coaches, teachers, and family members who have helped them reach their senior year of high school. Some students choose to craft wedding toasts and eulogize their classmates, who inevitably have reached some untimely and fictitious demise. 

Before we deliver our final speeches, I spend some time exploring different speech exercises, including watching TED talks that relate to gratitude and listening to "This I Believe Essays" to glean inspiration from as students are asked to express their values and beliefs in written and oral formats. After students listen to a few essays, discuss their contents, and have an opportunity to explore the website, they craft their own essays, which they will read aloud.

Following the essay exercise, they begin to draft their special occasion speech, which will take us through the end of the month and into the holiday season. Expressing gratitude, reflecting on joyous occasions, and dreaming of the future allow students to apply their speaking prowess in a culminating and memorable way. 

On the very last day of the semester, I surprise them with one last impromptu speech - a tribute to their classmates. Walking into class, they will select a name. They will have five minutes to prepare a speech about a classmate, celebrating that person's success and growth as a speaker. The student who was the subject of the previous speech becomes the speaker, a process that continues until everyone has received recognition. There is quite a bit to cover in these next few weeks. I look forward to guiding my seniors as they find the words to express their gratitude and share their passions with their peers and the world beyond my doors.

TED Talks that Inspired My 2017

Quiet mornings allow me to prepare for the school day. I wake up naturally and am often at school before the hallways fill. During this time, when I am most creative, I review lessons, create new assignments and activities, and grade countless essays without distraction. When I'm not grading, I love to lose myself down the rabbit hole of TED - scanning titles and subjects for my daily dose of inspiration. TED talks are fantastic examples of public speakers who are passionate about their content, willing to show vulnerability, and excited to share their life's work. While I might not be knowledgeable in the fields of medicine or astrophysics, listening and learning from these excellent presenters is inspiring. This fall, the following TED talks have brought me through some challenging moments, motivated me to overcome adversity, and reminded me that no matter what is placed before me, there is power in the words and stories we share.

We Should Aim for Perfection and Stop Fearing Failure by Jon Bowers

After listening to Jon Bowers's talk on aiming for perfection, I am reminded that while we might fall short of goals or achievements, we should never stop striving to accomplish our absolute best. Yes, we will fail. No speech, lesson, work presentation, sales pitch, etc. is without some minor flub or flaw, but through a commitment to excellence, repeated practice, and aiming for quality in each communicative experience, we can create messages and moments that leave a significant impact on our audience. Failure is a powerful step in the journey to perfection - to becoming the best at whatever we pursue. Without failure, we cannot learn and grow. This talk does a beautiful job reinforcing the value of failure and not accepting anything less than our best. Without the learning that occurs from failing, we cannot truly know success.

What Makes Life Worth Living in the Face of Dying by Lucy Kalanithi

This speech is incredibly near and dear to my heart. The beauty that is shared through this speaker's vulnerability and genuine message is incredibly powerful and moving. We all have or will experience loss, and this talk does a fantastic job of showcasing both the joys and the struggles of living. On a personal note, this year I have struggled with understanding mortality and reflecting on what makes a quality life after learning about my son's diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. While there is so much hope related to his diagnosis, and we fully expect him to live a completely normal life (with work), this is the TED Talk that I needed to cope and put his life in perspective. None of us are guaranteed anything in our journeys. Living is a hazard in itself, and our lives are fleeting. We must strive to embrace the moments given to us in spite of the struggles we are facing because each moment is a gift. Dr. Kalanithi beautifully shares her story of loss and pays tribute to a life well-lived by empowering the audience to take charge of living the best life imaginable through her message.

The Happy Secret to Better Work by John Achor

Okay, slow down John Achor. This speaker talks fast, but his passion and information are powerful. He certainly is engaging and funny, and on top of that, his message is important. He talks about changing the lens of how we view the world. Our success in the workforce is closely related to how we view stress. When we view stress as a challenge, we can rise above any adversity to ascertain greatness. So often in our schools, we know students who are overwhelmed with homework, rigorous classes, and extracurricular activities. Our students, like us, feel overwhelmed. Instead of embracing the idea that the only way to be happy is to generate a list of accomplishments, we need to teach our students to view hard work as a positive challenge. This  talk emphasizes the idea that we can train the brain to focus on optimism, which serves as a primer for hard work and achievement. In a world that so often highlights the negative, this talk is a great reminder of how we can control our reality through our outlooks and perceptions.

Success, Failure, and the Drive to Keep Creating by Elizabeth Gilbert

I love Elizabeth Gilbert's talks. She is inspiring, and this TED Talk is particularly powerful because she self-discloses her feelings on failure. She discusses her rejections and losses, and instead of simply giving up, she highlights how she persevered. I used this talk with my speech team students during camp. When we put ourselves out in front of the world, we are sure to experience some form of rejection or failure. As artists, performers, speakers, writers, and creators, are work will not always be well received or be critically acclaimed, but the reason we create and share should not be for the praise or approval of others. Our work should be about expressing ourselves, finding our voices, and sharing ideas that matter. When we can find that intrinsic motivation, the rejection that inevitably occurs at a speech tournament or in some other real-world experience does not seem so daunting. Instead, rejection creates an opportunity to try again.

Age is Nothing; Attitude is Everything by Bobbie Hickey

This young speaker is such a source of encouragement. Even though she is young, she has such a powerful perspective on how to live a memorable life. In spite of surgeries and physical impairments, she views the world as a place to embrace and overcome obstacles. She believes the world is a place to explore and live fully. Her normal is different than most, but the wisdom she has acquired reminds us all to face adversity. Determination can allow us all to accomplish the seemingly impossible. Perception and a positive attitude enable us to take on the world. Her words are a great reminder that no matter what the world tells us, it is important to remember how capable we are.

How to Gain Control of Your Free Time by Laura Vanderkam

Managing time and finding work-life balance are two topics that intrigue me. This speaker does a wonderful job of reminding us that we have a limited amount of time. We live in a culture of busy. We are encouraged to feel the stress of busyness, but busy and full are two synonyms that can change our attitude. When we say our lives are too hectic to complete a task, it is not that we are too busy. It means that whatever activity is being placed before us is not a priority. A single week is comprised of 168 hours. We can make those hours full by prioritizing what we value. We can find time to read, run, spend time with our family, etc., but we must actively choose to focus on what matters. As I attempt to teach my speech team kids, busy is an attitude that means we are not living in the moment. Whether it is studying for a test, attending a practice, or spending time with friends, we need to be present and attentive - making the most of the time we have. Our society has taught us that full schedules mean we are embracing our lives as we should, but no matter what the calendar says, we should always remember that we do have time for what we deem important - we might just need to shift our priorities or our attitudes to embrace those moments and opportunities.

These TED talks have affirmed in me the value of our fleeting moments and reminded me that I need to prioritize time with loved ones, reshift my lens and attitude, and embrace obstacles as minor bumps in the road to make my life better. As I sit quietly at this moment drinking coffee (and a diet coke because my coffee was too hot), I am so grateful for the time to reflect on 2017 and look forward to everything 2018 has in store personally, professionally, and everything that falls in between.

Teach Speech: What I Learned from Year One of Teaching Community College

May is here and the school year is winding down at a rapid pace. This year, in addition to my high school day job, I am fortunate enough to teach an introductory speech course at a local community college. With only one class period left to administer the final exam, I find myself reflecting on the differences between teaching at the high school and college level, the classroom environment, the students, and the sentiments they hold toward public speaking. While my Thursday evenings (and Friday mornings) are extremely tiring, I have sincerely enjoyed this new challenge and believe that this experience has enriched my content knowledge and approaches to teaching speech. This opportunity has also allowed me to observe different students as they transition from high school students to college students.

The night classes I taught this school year are much more diverse, and the age range of student varies greatly. Surprisingly, I am on the younger end of my classroom demographics. What I have found to be the most interesting factor about my students is the different reasons students have enrolled in my class. The introductory speech course is a required course for all students who intend to graduate with an associate degree and is almost always a requirement for students who plan to continue their education at a four-year university. Reluctantly, students do enroll in this introductory course because this course is mandatory, but their goals and aspirations for certifications and degrees vastly span from nurse to botanist to auto-mechanic. Several students speak English as a second language or are first generation college students and starting post-secondary school is uncharted territory. Of course, there are several students in their late teens and early twenties who simply wished to stay home to save money or did not know what to major in yet. Whatever the reason for continuing their education, I have been very impressed with the lengths at which many of these students have taken to further their coursework and attend a three-hour Thursday night class. 

I have certainly gained a deeper appreciation for different types of students and learned a great deal from my colleagues and the opportunities provided by the college. Overall, I am glad that I have taken on this exhausting experience and would recommend that colleagues who teach at the high school level pursue a similar role at some point in their careers at least once. Because of this experience, I have gained knowledge and am more prepared to teach my high school students for what lies in front of them after graduation day. 

Here's some of what I am taking away from year one:

1. The more experience students have with research and writing, the better prepared they will be for post-secondary learning. 

"I was never taught THAT," is a common comment I hear from students when I introduce research assignments. My colleagues and I often lament over these claims and are frustrated because we know exactly what their previous high school teachers have taught them. The fact of the matter is that both research and essay writing skills do not come naturally to most students and need to be reinforced several times. Frequent practice and repetition is the only way for students to become proficient at conducting research and writing about their findings. Through my conversations with both high school and college students, I have come to realize how universal research and writing skills are and how frequently students are required to complete these types of assignments in their science, history, business, and humanities courses. They are often writing papers at the college level without a great deal of technical guidance often, which makes the need to be able to research and write well an invaluable skill that I must be teaching my students at both levels as a way to prepare them to find success in any discipline they choose to study in the future. 

2. Students are still apprehensive to speak in front of a class - even when they have two decades of work experience in an area on which they are presenting to their peers. 

Many of my college students work full time. They are professionals with a wide variety of experiences. Speaking in front of a class should not be as scary for these individuals because they deliver speeches at work, give presentations, and work with customers, but for a myriad of reasons, all students still exhibit a higher level of apprehension than I would have initially expected. Stage fright needs to be the subject of early classes, and all students - no matter their confidence level - need to be given strategies to cope with this anxiety. Even the most confident and experienced speakers can still experience anxiety when a formal speaking experience. Several strategies such as frequent and informal practice to speak in front of small groups, group work and class discussions to build a collaborative and supportive environment are necessary to build students' confidence. Public speaking is difficult, and my role is to create a more comfortable and positive experience for all my students.

3. Students still need clear direction and organization from the instructor (and still won't always read or hear the directions). 

I chuckle to myself a little when I hear the phrase, "Kids just don't listen." Unfortunately, people of any age or profession struggle with listening to instructions fully or reading directions or emails carefully. We are busy individuals who are easily distracted. We all attempt to multi-task and clear the to-do lists as efficiently as possible. As an instructor, I have to remember that my instructions and directions need to be thorough, clear, and repeated a few times to help my students fully understand what is expected of them as they complete any given task or assignment. This year, I have had a few encounters that have reminded me that even though these are adults, busyness is a common factor in miscommunication. Students need support and clear guidance. As for my high school students, they love hearing stories about mistakes by students at the college level, and often respond with, "It's not just me!" 

4. The learning environment and relationship between students and the instructor are still the most vital parts of the learning process. 

Students' lives and backgrounds greatly impact their learning. Their workload, responsibilities, and relationships impact the time they have to spend on coursework. These life factors also greatly influence their interest, passions, values, and beliefs. Understanding our students' lives outside of the classroom enhances the experience in the classroom. Being able to ask a person how their kids are doing, how work was, or about another project for another class builds rapport and improves the classroom environment stronger. With a strong rapport between the instructor and students, the levels of anxiety wane and students feel more inclined to put forth effort toward the class - especially their speaking assignments that require a significant amount of preparation. Building strong relationships is my favorite part of teaching at any level. I have truly enjoyed working with and forging relationships with my diverse college students and love that this element of teaching is still just a prevalent and vital to the learning experience as it is with my high school students. 

This has been such a valuable and growing experience. I have loved watching these students gain confidence and grow as speakers. In turn, I am so grateful for my students' kind words and the lessons they have taught me. With a fresh perspective and a richer understanding of communication theory, I cannot wait to see what the future brings from teaching speech at any level. 

It's Not About The Points: Ending a Speech Season

And just like that, another 200 days of my life have passed by in a flash. The competitive speech season is a grind. Beginning in late summer and ending in the (typically) frigid months of February is tough. The hours required to produce a successful team or at least a mildly competitive are much greater than anyone outside of the speech community would ever expect. While students might practice in groups, they must perform individually. With 65 students at eight minutes a script and each student being at least double entered, it does not take long to realize that in any given practice week - that is A LOT of practice time. That total comes to 17 hours and 20 minutes a week. That sum does not take into consideration time to review notes, stop-starting performances, the inevitable prolongation and procrastination of my students, the laughter, and most important the moments that matter most - the life moments.

During practice, a speech coach does more than teach students to deliver clear and succinct messages, more than refining gestures, and more than developing nuanced emotions that convey a clear tone. Speech coaches act as parents, counselors, life coaches, mentors, and even friends. They feed (literally the amount of Wheat Thins and Cheerios I have shared is too much to count), comfort, and console. After 200 days of playing these various roles, I am emotional and physically exhausted. My creative spark has been temporarily extinguished, and I am desperate need of refueling.

This past weekend at the IHSA State Tournament I cried more than I ever have a speech related function (Except when I was two months pregnant with an awful case of a 24-hour stomach flu at Sectionals in Rochelle. Yes, that IS as terrible as it sounds).  My tears were a reaction to the culmination of a season filled with so many memories. Feelings of gratitude, joy, and relief began to rush over me. I altered between laughing and crying for quite some time. What I learned from this past weekend is to embrace the advice I preach to my students - to remember that we are not defined by a single moment. Instead, we are defined by our habits; we are defined by what we do when no one is looking and the kindness we show others. No matter what final round posters or tab sheets report, these students have crafted powerful messages, and the confidence, poise, and grace they have developed will remain with them for years to come.

How does a coach end a season filled with personal growth, medals, laughter, and memories that will last ?

1. Celebrate students.

I am always in awe of young people who elect to participate in speech. Public speaking is often avoided by students and adults alike. The workload for this activity is highly demanding, and the rewards are few, but these students resiliently strive to improve their delivery skills and messages for seven grueling months. Tournaments are long, and the subjectivity of the activity can be disheartening. These students show their mental strength, integrity, and poise. As such, they should be commended and celebrated. After high school speech is done, these students will take their skills and lessons learned and use them to impact all those they meet in the future.

2. Celebrate the work.

One performance is not the work of a single individual. Several adult coaches, peers, and the student himself or herself put in countless hours to refine a message. No matter the points earned or the final outcome of any tournament, the work and effort put into making a presentation is an important instructional process. When a student understands and values hard work, their efforts will transfer into other avenues in life. They will continue to strive to achieve high goals, which will result in exciting endeavors beyond formalized school. Again, the purpose of speech is not the medals won; the purpose is about the process.

3. Reflect.

Team dynamics must be finessed. Creating cohesion, unity, and maintaining moral is a sensitive task. Keeping team traditions alive take a great deal of planning. Reflecting on the team's growth is important to fuel the start of the next year and to determine what the focus must be based on the returning members and the mood the coaches hope to instill in the next generation of the team. To begin this year's reflection, I picked up the book Win at Losing: How Our Biggest Setbacks Can Lead to Our Greatest Gains by Sam Weinman. Competitive speech is marked with failure and criticism. Teaching students to "fail big" and embrace rejection as a valuable learning tool is what keeps students waking up at 5 AM on a Saturday and subjecting themselves to ridicule and partaking in an activity that most people fear worse than death. I hope to continue to understand how to improve camaraderie and build a strong team.

4. Rest.

To be an effective teacher, mother, wife, friend and coach - I forego my health. After months of forgetting to take a lunch to grade a few papers thus freeing my time to watch more film or waking up at 4:30 to finish lesson plans, I need to sleep... or better yet, hibernate. The time to recover and rest is essential to fuel an effective coach of any sport or activity at the end of a long season. A recent NEA article entitled "Not Getting Enough Sleep? Tired Teachers Aren't Usually the Best Teachers," has reminded me that to best serve my students and my family, I need to catch up on sleep!

5. Begin planning for next season. 

Scripting is an arduous process. Finding, cutting, and pairing students with pieces take a great deal of time. Identifying meaningful stories and messages that will engage audiences and add value to the lives of those who hear it is no simple feat. Recognizing students' strengths, taking into account students' interests and experiences, and building the right stories involves reading countless scripts, thumbing through memoirs and nonfiction texts, and watching every talk on TED's website.

How to Start a Movement...Or How I Lucked into Building a Speech Team

The CG Speech Team - 2010

So, you have how many kids on your speech team? 65!?! How do you have 65 kids on your team? This question is a common question I am asked by my colleagues and friends on the speech circuit and one that I was posed with again this past weekend. Having a large team is certainly a wonderful situation. We fill a bus (and several times - two buses), practices are lively and busy, and finding an audience to practice in front of is never a problem. A team this sizable requires A LOT of coaching time (each student needs to perform individually), organization, effort, and careful planning. To compensate for the lack of time and multiply myself, I watch film most mornings, coach every day of the school year starting in August until the end of February, and sacrifice sleep (and sometimes my sanity) to do so. While some people might initially think considerable roster numbers guarantee success and make the acquisition of a team trophy easier, having a substantial number of students means having to coach and care for said students. The "big team" paradox is at times best described by the Notorious B.I.G. when he suggested that with, "Mo' money [comes] mo' problems."

When I started coaching, a mere two students were on the Speech Team. Two. The task of growing a team seemed daunting, and my 22 year-old-self needed to figure out where to begin. First, I decided to approach the task of recruiting students by zealously and enthusiastically talking to English classes. If I show how passionate I am about a cause, some student is bound to demonstrate some interest, right? This approach did work, and we ended the year with about 15 students. With this 15 students, we competed in the group event - Performance in the Round and then later competed with the same students in Group Interpretation. These two group events created a sense of unity and allowed students to forge relationships with one another. Once relationships and bonds began to form, momentum began to build. Relationships are essential to the success of any organization or group. Friendship leads to an increased sense of commitment, a desire to support others, and accountability to furthering a cause. When my students became good friends outside of the team, I saw numbers grow, performances improve, and confidence emerge. Once that foundation had been laid in year two, I began to consider how to start increasing scores and develop talent - a topic that I want to reflect upon in more detail in a future post.

As I reflect upon the idea of "starting a movement," I am reminded of the three-minute TED Talk by Derek Sivers. In it, Sivers notes that a movement does not begin with one person, but rather it starts with the first follower. A movement truly starts when one person stands up and takes action with an instigator of change. I lucked into finding the right students who were willing to take this journey with me and forge a path for countless students in the future. Together we created traditions and students have been working to perpetuate those traditions year after year. The first students I worked with are now teachers, enrolled in graduate school, and making positive impacts on the world. They are adults finding their own paths and continuing to use their voices and their energy for good.

Lack of sleep aside, I am incredibly grateful for what the last decade has taught me regarding igniting passion in others, teaching students to be the best people they can be, and learning to cope with adversity (both personal and with my students). As I reflect, I return to the aforementioned question. How did two students become 65 students? How did the speech team momentum start? Fervor, passion, grit, or unabashed commitment to a cause? The real answer lies in a love for kids, a desire to see them grow into incredible people who will make a positive impact on this world, and a culture that celebrates hard work and loves to have fun.

I am so grateful to have watched students grow as performers and speakers, discover the ability to stand tall in the face of failure, and show vulnerability in front of a crowd of people as they share ideas and messages that they hold close to their hearts. Our words are powerful, and our connections and the relationships we build allow us to accomplish extraordinary feats.

The CG Speech Team - 2017

That's a Wrap: Ending a Semester Long Class

Half over. This school year is already half over. As I sit in my quiet classroom at 5:32 AM on the first day of final exams, I am in awe at how quickly this school year has passed by me. Essays have been (mostly) diligent written and meticulously graded, speeches have been well-crafted and delivered, and memories have been forged, which I hope my students will carry with them as they venture off to a fresh semester of classes and new experiences. Teaching seniors at my school means that English classes are electives and therefore only a semester long. I am closing the books on one course, and a new elective is on the horizon. I am saying goodbye to many students and only keeping a few. This past week, I have spent contemplating what makes an effective ending. When concluding this course, what do I want my students to recall when they walk out my door for the last time? How do I highlight the most important lessons I want my students to take with them while leaving impressions that will make them fondly remember public speaking? How can I instill in them one last time the notion that their words are powerful and must be used wisely?

Yes, the adage that "people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel” is true. I have taught seniors long enough to know that even though my words are fleeting sentiments, the feelings they experience are not. Public speaking is such a vital part of life, and I want my students to feel empowered, confident, and prepared when they are called upon to do it in the various settings that they will find themselves in weeks from now and years from now.

So how does one spend the last week in a senior-level public speaking class?

1. Encourage students to celebrate each other and the growth that has occurred.

In the week after winter break and before finals, I enjoy allowing the students to do most of the talking. The floor is theirs to share last minute messages with their peers. Because there is little time to prepare, I often have students deliver impromptu speeches, but give the assignment a twist. Instead of handing students a proverb or a random word, I place all of the students' names into a hat and ask the class to select a name on which to deliver a speech randomly. Then, I review the elements of a commemorative speech, challenge students to remember how their subject has contributed to the class over the past semester, and have students one-by-one deliver a brief and celebratory speech on each member of the class. Not only does this speech incite positive, sentimental feelings about the class, but it also encourages students to self-reflect on how their presence has impacted the class as a whole. This assignment usually takes two days to complete, and I love every minute. These two days are full of laughter, encouragement, and remembrance. "Remember the time..." or "I loved it when..." are phrases that spark conversation and reflection in us all. After the final speech has been delivered, I ask students to hand-write a thank you note to the person who spoke about them. Reminding us that our words, both oral and written, are powerful, students spend time showing gratitude and returning the appreciation to their peers. 

2. Ask students to self-evaluate and self-reflect.

The Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety (PRPSA) is a self-assessment I administer at the beginning of the speech semester and the end. This assessment is designed to have students reflect on their confidence level as speakers in a variety of settings. We then compare our scores with national statistics and discuss how to overcome stage fright at the beginning of the year. This assessment is nice also to do at the end of the semester to show student growth, reflect on how students have gained confidence, and open a dialogue about how our class experiences have changed their perception of public speaking. Another way to self-reflect is to have them grade themselves. Writing a personal reflection in which they are asked to express their thoughts on their own strengths and weaknesses as a public speaker encourages students to consider their growth, their effort, and their abilities. Students might not enjoy self-reflecting, but they are usually quite honest. When they begin discussing how they have improved or how they could improve, it opens the door to rich conversation about their progress as students and speakers. 

3. Open the floor for suggestions on how to improve the course in the future. 

At the end of the semester, I want real feedback. I want to know how my teaching has helped students and what I can do to improve the experience for future students. We are all constantly working toward improving our crafts, and students are always changing, too. As the world evolves, so do the needs of our students. Because of life's constant cycle of change, I want my students to tell me what worked well, what was worth our time, and how I can make the most of their learning experience. Using Google Forms, I can collect both quantitative and qualitative feedback relatively quickly. I also leave a question at the end for a note or any last minute idea they want to share with me. I am always pleasantly surprised and touched by the kind words, statements of thanks, or words of encouragement from students! While the idea of opening up the floor for feedback can be intimidating, I have found it to be a meaningful exercise and encouraging! 

4. Laugh.

Laughter is such a simple concept and yet there are times that we forget to do it. Laughter promotes joy, play, and silliness, which are important aspects of creativity and happiness. Recently, I read an interesting article on Laughter and Learning from Edutopia. In it, author Matt Bellace encourages teachers to incorporate humor and improvisation into lessons. Encouraging laughter increases comfort level and promotes a positive environment. When students feel comfortable, they are more likely to relate to the teachers/peers, and they are more engaged. I do not consider myself a comedian by any means. Most of my laughter is the direct result of my own self-deprecation, but I have come to realize that laughing at my own spastic outbursts encourages my students to laugh a little more at themselves, too. We all make mistakes, and our shortcomings can be valuable learning experiences, especially if we learn to embrace them and have a hearty laugh.

5. Impart words of wisdom... or at least try by delivering a final speech.

 After a semester of evaluating speeches, I believe it is only fair that I impart one final speech to my students. Yes, I remind them that I craft and deliver speeches to them every day as their teacher, but the formality and finality of one last speech seems fitting. My biggest life lessons include: be kind, be prepared, and believe in the power of your words. With commitment and kindness, positive experiences will happen. Remembering to be mindful of our words, how they affect others, and how they can inspire change for the better is critical, too. While my words may be quickly forgotten, I hope that demonstrating strong structure, passion, and sincerity instill the importance of public speaking (and just generally being a nice person... kindness really does take a person far in this life!).

 6. Write personalized notes. 

Writing personalized notes on the back of our class picture has been a tradition of mine for several years. While students are taking their finals, I distribute a personalized note to each student. I love watching their faces as they pause their testing for a moment to read what I've written. Even if it is only treasured for a brief moment, this small bit of positivity makes students feel motivated to finish their final. At the end of this class, I hope this minuscule gesture reminds students of the memories we have shared and the community we have built. While these notes might mean more to some than others, it is always my hope that years from now, they'll find this picture tucked into a book or an old folder and smile at the memories they have from high school. Our words really are powerful and can be used to make us feel empowered, motivated, and encouraged. I love taking this last opportunity to wish my students well and reinforce the idea that words hold great power.

There are countless ways to finish a course. As I reflect and grow, I hope I can continue to discover the perfect way to wrap up an entire semester's worth of learning and make our time together meaningful.