The jingle bells jangled, the snow came and melted, and just like that, the holidays are over. This year, the dates on which Christmas and New Year's fell caused many schools to have different breaks. Many of my friends and family members are teachers in multiple districts. Unfortunately, everyone has had a different break, which has made the coordinating celebrations a little more hectic than usual.
Once the calendar turns to January 1st, I am ready to pack up the Christmas decor and prepare for a new semester at school. Presents that lingered under the tree must find their place. Organizing gifts and ensuring every new household item has a place is a little stressful. I am innately a minimalist, but with three imaginative and artistic small children, I know I must make concessions and embrace the creative clutter.
In my classroom, I prefer a minimalist setting that allows for flexible movement and organized chaos. I enjoy the busyness of working with people and the learning process, which is why I started using station rotation lessons.
Beginning to plan for and implement station rotation in a classroom is overwhelming at the high school level. Station rotation is not linear and does not necessarily have a traditional pattern, which might look like: 1. Class bell-ringer, 2. Mini-lesson, 3. Practice/application and exit slip. The when/how of learning looks different and relies on students driving their instruction. How do we ensure students have the knowledge needed to practice and apply what they've learned? How do we measure mastery in a station-based lesson? These feelings are as overwhelming as getting started for the holidays and imagining what present to buy for whom.
For more info, see the amazing Catlin Tucker's post.
Identify learning goals.
First and foremost, start with the end in mind. I have a couple of templates that I use when creating personalized learning paths that might help someone getting started in the process. Backward planning is essential when creating a station rotation. Having clear goals helps to drive the creation of the overall lesson. Once instructors know what students want to accomplish, the pacing and content can be explored and designed further. If the goal is to learn or acquire new knowledge, a lesson may look completely different than if the goal is to review or demonstrate mastery. Strong learning objectives can also unite the lesson and help each station connect to the overall goal.
Determine the size of the groups and the number of stations.
Classroom size and group dynamics significantly impact how one designs a station rotation lesson. I like using a chart or organizer to plan my stations, which also helps me keep the end goal in mind. Some elements to consider include:
- Class size.
- Space/resources available.
- Time of the lesson (two to three periods).
- The size of the groups that will most appropriately fit the activities and tasks being asked of my students.
- The strengths and dynamics of the group.
If the course is a blended course, space, and pace may be more flexible and should be considered in the design of the overall learning experience.
I typically have 24-28 high school students in a relatively small classroom, which often drives my instructional design. For me, I like to have students in groups of four to five, which makes groups of six to seven. With approximately six groups, I will allocate 10-15 minutes per station. This lesson will take at least two class periods with some buffer time to finalize learning artifacts, review, and debrief as a class. Once I establish the number of stations and the pacing of a station rotation, I try to keep those stations consistent in subsequent lessons to help establish classroom protocols, norms, and expectations.
Another caveat to consider is who will pick the groups and how those groups will be selected. Are students grouped to diversify the groups, picked to work with peers they work well with, or based on their proficiency with a specific skillset? Group selection should be purposeful and align with the overall goals of the lesson. Based on specific stations or tasks, it might be helpful to have groups of students working together for a particular purpose.
Choose the activities for each station.
I always start with planning a teacher-led station for station rotation. I want to work with my students and want that small group time to discuss, assess, and reflect with my students. The activities should support the overarching goal of the lesson. When creating station rotation, my most significant reminder to colleagues is that a station rotation lesson is NOT starting from the ground up. Teachers should use what they already have and adapt to give students more small group time and focus on the learning tasks presented. If a teacher uses a Kahoot to review a skill, the Kahoot becomes a station. If a teacher had initially planned individual writing/reflecting time in a linear lesson, that becomes a station.
So what might those stations look like? I have too many thoughts to keep writing here. Stay tuned for the next entry. Overall, it's important to remember that this learning model is incredibly flexible and can look different in every classroom.
Stations are typically not linear, so considering the background knowledge and skills students need before beginning the station is essential. If they must know a skill or information to work through the stations, consider completing a mini-lesson with students before the stations begin. Also, consider creating a brief video recording to support student learning, review directions, or guide students as they move through the stations. Personalizing each station and using audio/video can make a teacher's guidance present even if the teacher is working with another group of students.
It's a new year, and while I believe it is always a great time to set a goal or resolution (not just January 1), it could be time to try a new strategy or even just reimagine what classroom learning might look like with stations!
